The primary objective of a penetration test is to identify security flaws and check how well the existing protections work across systems and networks. These tests find weaknesses in hardware, software, and network configurations by simulating actual cyberattacks. It also reviews security controls like firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption techniques, and access controls to make sure they perform as expected. The testing provides a detailed report that contains issues found during testing, their potential impacts, and recommendations on how to fix them. Pen testing helps organizations save money and improve their digital security by improving overall cybersecurity and risk management.